ZAMANLAR
🟩 1️⃣ PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE
| 🔹 Kullanımı (When to Use) | 🔹 Zaman Yapısı (Form) | 🔹 Zaman Zarfları | 🔹 Örnek Cümleler |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alışkanlık, rutin, genel gerçek, kalıcı durum | Active: S + V1 (+s/es/ies) + O Passive: O + am/is/are + V3 (+ by S) | always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, never | 1️⃣ I get up at 7 o’clock every morning. 2️⃣ She works in a bank. 3️⃣ The sun rises in the east. 4️⃣ They play football on weekends. 5️⃣ Water boils at 100°C. 6️⃣ English is spoken all over the world. |
🟦 2️⃣ PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
| 🔹 Kullanımı (When to Use) | 🔹 Zaman Yapısı (Form) | 🔹 Zaman Zarfları | 🔹 Örnek Cümleler |
|---|---|---|---|
| Şu anda devam eden, geçici, planlanmış gelecek | Active: S + am/is/are + V-ing + O Passive: O + am/is/are + being + V3 | now, right now, today, at the moment, these days | 1️⃣ I am studying for my exam now. 2️⃣ She is cooking dinner in the kitchen. 3️⃣ They are building a new hospital. 4️⃣ We are learning English this year. 5️⃣ The weather is getting colder. 6️⃣ The road is being repaired today. |
🟥 3️⃣ PAST SIMPLE TENSE
| 🔹 Kullanımı (When to Use) | 🔹 Zaman Yapısı (Form) | 🔹 Zaman Zarfları | 🔹 Örnek Cümleler |
|---|---|---|---|
| Geçmişte bitmiş olaylar, hikaye anlatımı, geçmiş alışkanlıklar | Active: S + V2 + O Passive: O + was/were + V3 | yesterday, last week, ago, in 2010, once, then | 1️⃣ I visited London last year. 2️⃣ She didn’t go to school yesterday. 3️⃣ They watched a movie on Friday night. 4️⃣ He bought a new car two days ago. 5️⃣ We lived in Ankara for five years. 6️⃣ The book was written by J.K. Rowling. |
🟨 4️⃣ “BE GOING TO” FUTURE TENSE
| 🔹 Kullanımı (When to Use) | 🔹 Zaman Yapısı (Form) | 🔹 Zaman Zarfları | 🔹 Örnek Cümleler |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plan, niyet, kanıta dayalı tahmin | Active: S + am/is/are + going to + V1 + O Passive: O + am/is/are + going to + be + V3 | tomorrow, next week, soon, tonight, in an hour | 1️⃣ I’m going to visit my grandparents tomorrow. 2️⃣ Look at the clouds! It’s going to rain. 3️⃣ We’re going to have dinner at a restaurant. 4️⃣ She’s going to start a new job next month. 5️⃣ They’re going to travel to Italy this summer. 6️⃣ A new shopping mall is going to be opened soon. |
🟧 5️⃣ FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE (will / shall)
| 🔹 Kullanımı (When to Use) | 🔹 Zaman Yapısı (Form) | 🔹 Zaman Zarfları | 🔹 Örnek Cümleler |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anlık karar, tahmin, söz verme, rica, teklif | Active: S + will/shall + V1 + O Passive: O + will/shall + be + V3 | tomorrow, next week, probably, soon, I think | 1️⃣ I’ll help you with your homework. 2️⃣ Don’t worry, I’ll call you later. 3️⃣ I think it will snow tomorrow. 4️⃣ Will you open the window, please? 5️⃣ She will probably get the job. 6️⃣ The results will be announced next Monday. |
🟫 6️⃣ PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
| 🔹 Kullanımı (When to Use) | 🔹 Zaman Yapısı (Form) | 🔹 Zaman Zarfları / Bağlaçlar | 🔹 Örnek Cümleler |
|---|---|---|---|
| Geçmişte devam eden eylem, kesintiye uğrayan durum | Active: S + was/were + V-ing + O Passive: O + was/were + being + V3 | while, as, when, at that moment, all day | 1️⃣ I was reading a book when the phone rang. 2️⃣ She was sleeping while I was cooking. 3️⃣ They were studying at 10 p.m. last night. 4️⃣ The baby was crying when I entered the room. 5️⃣ We were watching TV when the lights went out. 6️⃣ The car was being washed when it started to rain. |
🟪 7️⃣ PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
| 🔹 Kullanımı (When to Use) | 🔹 Zaman Yapısı (Form) | 🔹 Zaman Zarfları | 🔹 Örnek Cümleler |
|---|---|---|---|
| Geçmişte başlayıp hâlâ süren, sonucu devam eden eylem | Active: S + have/has + V3 + O Passive: O + have/has + been + V3 | since, for, already, yet, ever, never, just | 1️⃣ I have seen that movie three times. 2️⃣ She has just arrived home. 3️⃣ We have lived here since 2015. 4️⃣ Have you ever been to Paris? 5️⃣ He hasn’t finished his project yet. 6️⃣ The document has been sent already. |
🟫 8️⃣ PAST PERFECT TENSE
| 🔹 Kullanımı (When to Use) | 🔹 Zaman Yapısı (Form) | 🔹 Zaman Zarfları / Bağlaçlar | 🔹 Örnek Cümleler |
|---|---|---|---|
| Geçmişteki bir olaydan önce tamamlanmış eylemler | Active: S + had + V3 + O Passive: O + had + been + V3 | before, after, when, by the time, already | 1️⃣ I had finished my homework before dinner. 2️⃣ She had left when we arrived. 3️⃣ They had already eaten when I came. 4️⃣ By the time we got there, the film had started. 5️⃣ He hadn’t met her before that day. 6️⃣ The house had been sold before I called the agent. |
⏰ ZAMAN ÇİZELGESİ (TIME LINE)
| Geçmiş (Past) | Şimdi (Present) | Gelecek (Future) |
|---|---|---|
| Past Perfect → “had + V3” Past Simple → “V2” Past Continuous → “was/were + V-ing” | Present Perfect → “have/has + V3” Present Simple → “V1/s” Present Continuous → “am/is/are + V-ing” | “Be going to” → “am/is/are + going to + V1” Future Simple → “will + V1” |
Yani cümle yapısını anlatırken:
| Sembol | Açılımı | Türkçesi | Örnek |
|---|---|---|---|
| S | Subject | Özne | I, She, They |
| V | Verb | Fiil / Yüklem | eat, study, play |
| O | Object | Nesne | an apple, English, football |
📘 Örnek:
I (S) eat an apple (O) every morning.
→ “Ben her sabah bir elma yerim.”
Yani formül:
✅ S + V + O
➡️ Özne + Fiil + Nesne
Bu yapıyı her tense’de aynı şekilde kullanıyoruz.
Örneğin:
I will call you. → S: I / V: will call / O: you
She reads a book. → S: She / V: reads / O: a book
They are watching TV. → S: They / V: are watching / O: TV