1️⃣ Tanım: Adverbs (zarflar), fiilleri (verbs), sıfatları (adjectives) veya diğer zarfları (adverbs) niteler.
Çoğu zarf, sıfatlara -ly eki getirilerek yapılır.
👉 Formula: adjective + -ly = adverb
2️⃣ Örnekler
| Adjective (Sıfat) | Adverb (Zarf) | Örnek Cümle |
|---|---|---|
| careful (dikkatli) | carefully (dikkatlice) | He drives carefully. |
| slow (yavaş) | slowly (yavaşça) | I read slowly. |
| bad (kötü) | badly (kötü bir şekilde) | The cars crashed badly. |
| correct (doğru) | correctly (doğru şekilde) | He answered correctly. |
| happy (mutlu) | happily (mutlu bir şekilde) | She talks happily. |
3️⃣ Düzensiz Adverbs
Bazı sıfatların zarf hâli farklıdır veya hiç değişmez:
- good → well
My English is good. I can speak English well. - fast → fast
His car is fast. He runs fast. - hard → hard
The quiz was hard. He works hard. - long → long
The river is long. He can run long.
4️⃣ Position of Adverbs (Zarfların Yeri)
- Genel olarak: Fiilden (verb) sonra gelir.
- She washes the dishes carefully.
- Sıklık zarfları (adverbs of frequency):
Genellikle özne ile yüklemin arasında bulunur.- They never trust him.
- I usually wake up early.
- Sometimes: Cümlenin başında da kullanılabilir.
- Sometimes I go for a walk in the morning.
5️⃣ Adverbs of Frequency (Sıklık Zarfları)
| % | Adverb |
|---|---|
| 0% | never (asla) |
| ~10% | rarely (nadiren) |
| ~20% | seldom (seyrek) |
| ~30% | occasionally (ara sıra) |
| ~50% | sometimes (bazen) |
| ~70% | often (sık sık) |
| ~80% | generally (genellikle) |
| ~90% | usually (çoğunlukla) |
| 100% | always (her zaman) |
6️⃣ Alıştırmalar
A) Fill in the blanks with the correct adverb (-ly)
- She sings __________ (beautiful). → beautifully
- He runs __________ (fast). → fast
- My teacher explained the lesson __________ (clear). → clearly
- They speak English __________ (good). → well
- He works __________ (hard). → hard
B) Rewrite using adverbs of frequency
We eat out. (sometimes)
👉 We sometimes eat out.
I go to the gym. (always)
👉 I always go to the gym.
She is late. (never)
👉 She is never late.
He plays football. (often)
👉 He often plays football.
They watch TV in the evening. (usually)
👉 They usually watch TV in the evening.
I drink coffee in the morning. (rarely)
👉 I rarely drink coffee in the morning.
She visits her grandparents. (occasionally)
👉 She occasionally visits her grandparents.
We study English. (generally)
👉 We generally study English.
He forgets his homework. (seldom)
👉 He seldom forgets his homework.
They go on holiday in winter. (sometimes)
👉 They sometimes go on holiday in winter.
My brother reads books before bed. (always)
👉 My brother always reads books before bed.
I wake up late on weekdays. (never)
👉 I never wake up late on weekdays.
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