Lesson Resources
1️⃣ CAN
Kullanımı: ability (yetenek), probability (olasılık), permission (izin), polite request (rica).
- Ability (Yetenek):
She can swim well. (İyi yüzebilir.)
I can cook the meat. (Eti pişirebilirim.) - Probability (Olasılık):
You can be a good doctor. (İyi bir doktor olabilirsin.)
She can come early. (Erken gelebilir.) - Permission (İzin):
You can take these books. (Bu kitapları alabilirsin.)
He can’t wait here. (Burada bekleyemezsin – izin yok.) - Request (Rica):
Can I ask you a question? (Bir soru sorabilir miyim?)
Can you bring me that book? (Şu kitabı getirir misin?)
2️⃣ COULD
Kullanımı: past ability (geçmişte yetenek), polite request (daha kibar rica), weaker probability (daha düşük olasılık).
- Past Ability:
She could swim when she was 8. (8 yaşındayken yüzebiliyordu.)
I couldn’t cook the meat. (Eti pişiremedim.) - Polite Request (Can’den daha kibar):
Could you open the door, please? (Kapıyı açabilir miydiniz?)
Could you just help me with this? (Buna biraz yardım edebilir miydiniz?) - Weaker Probability:
It could rain tomorrow. (Yarın yağmur yağabilir – olasılık var ama güçlü değil.)
3️⃣ MAY
Kullanımı: permission (izin), prohibition (yasaklama), probability (olasılık), polite request (kibar istek).
- Probability:
He may come early. (Erken gelebilir.)
We may not finish the work. (İşi bitiremeyebiliriz.) - Permission:
You may smoke here. (Burada sigara içebilirsiniz.) - Prohibition:
People may not walk on the grass. (Çimlere basmak yasaktır.) - Polite Request (kibarca):
May I speak with your principal? (Müdürünüzle konuşabilir miyim?)
May we sit here? (Buraya oturabilir miyiz?)
4️⃣ MIGHT
Kullanımı: may’in geçmişi, daha zayıf olasılık bildirir.
- Weaker Probability:
He might come early. (Erken gelebilir – ihtimal var ama düşük.)
It might snow tonight. (Bu gece kar yağabilir – düşük ihtimal.)
5️⃣ Karşılaştırma: Güç Dereceleri
- Can / May: güçlü olasılık veya izin
- Could / Might: daha zayıf olasılık, daha kibar rica
👉 He can come early. (Gelebilir – güçlü ihtimal)
👉 He may come early. (Gelebilir – nötr ihtimal)
👉 He could come early. (Gelebilir – düşük ihtimal / ihtimal veriyorum)
👉 He might come early. (Belki gelebilir – en düşük ihtimal)
6️⃣ Tablo
| Modal | Kullanım Alanı | Örnek | Türkçe |
|---|---|---|---|
| can | Ability | I can play the piano. | Piyano çalabilirim. |
| could | Past ability | She could read at 4. | 4 yaşında okuyabiliyordu. |
| may | Permission | You may leave now. | Şimdi çıkabilirsiniz. |
| might | Weak possibility | It might rain. | Belki yağmur yağar. |
7️⃣ Alıştırmalar
A) Fill in the blanks
______ you help me with this problem? (polite request) → Couldperience.
She ______ swim very fast. (ability) → can
When I was young, I ______ climb trees. (past ability) → could
You ______ not enter this area. (prohibition) → may
It ______ snow tomorrow. (weak probability) → might
✍️ B) Rewrite – Practice with Modal Verbs
He is able to speak three languages.
👉 He can speak three languages.
Perhaps she will buy a new car.
👉 She may buy a new car. / She might buy a new car.
I was able to swim when I was 10.
👉 I could swim when I was 10.
It is possible that they will come early.
👉 They may come early. / They might come early.
It was possible for me to solve the problem yesterday.
👉 I could solve the problem yesterday.
Is it possible for me to ask a question?
👉 May I ask a question? / Can I ask a question?
It is possible for you to open the window.
👉 You can open the window.
It was possible for him to play the guitar very well when he was young.
👉 He could play the guitar very well when he was young.
It is not possible for people to park here.
👉 People may not park here. / You can’t park here.
It is possible that it will snow tomorrow.
👉 It may snow tomorrow. / It might snow tomorrow.
It is possible that he knows the answer.
👉 He may know the answer. / He might know the answer.
I am able to help you with your homework.
👉 I can help you with your homework.
Would it be possible for you to bring me some water?
👉 Could you bring me some water?
It was possible for her to run 5 km without stopping.
👉 She could run 5 km without stopping.
Perhaps the teacher will give us extra homework.
👉 The teacher may give us extra homework. / The teacher might give us extra homework.